網(wǎng)上有很多關(guān)于一機多戶pos機原理,騷話@Autowired的底層工作原理的知識,也有很多人為大家解答關(guān)于一機多戶pos機原理的問題,今天pos機之家(www.tjfsxbj.com)為大家整理了關(guān)于這方面的知識,讓我們一起來看下吧!
本文目錄一覽:
一機多戶pos機原理
作者:youzhibing2904來源:https://www.cnblogs.com/youzhibing/p/11031216.html前情回顧Spring拓展接口之BeanPostProcessor,我們來看看它的底層實現(xiàn)中講到了spring對BeanPostProcessor的底層支持,并且知道了BeanPostProcessor的兩個方法:postProcessBeforeInitialization、postProcessAfterInitialization的執(zhí)行時機,沒看的小伙伴可以回過頭去看看。本來spring的自動裝配是打算放到上一篇博文中詳細講解的,可后來覺得篇幅可能太大了,既然你們都感覺出來了,那我也就明人不說暗話了,之所以沒放到上篇講解,確實是因為篇幅太大了。好了,我們言歸正傳,之所以沒放到上篇來講,篇幅只是原因之一,最主要的原因是發(fā)現(xiàn)我犯錯了! 犯什么錯了呢?
我想當然了! 理所當然的認為自動裝配是在AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor的postProcessBeforeInitialization或postProcessAfterInitialization中實現(xiàn)的,我們來看下AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor類繼承圖
它間接實現(xiàn)了BeanPostProcessor,我們再去看下那兩個方法(在父類InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter中)
@Overridepublic Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { return bean;}@Overridepublic Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { return bean;}
竟然啥也沒干,只是簡單的return bean; 當自己深以為然的認知被推翻時,那感覺真是斃了狗了
所以自動裝配不能和BeanPostProcessor放一塊講,不得不開兩篇來分開講,我們都知道:強扭的瓜不甜!
自動裝配簡單示例我們先來看一個簡單的自動裝配的示例,完整實例代碼:spring-boot-BeanPostProcessor
AnimalServiceImpl
@Servicepublic class AnimalServiceImpl implements IAnimalService { @Autowired private Dog dog; @Resource private Cat cat; @Inject private Pig pig; @Override public void printName() { System.out.println(dog.getName()); System.out.println(cat.getName()); System.out.println(pig.getName()); }}
AnimalTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)@SpringBootTest(classes={Application.class})public class AnimalTest { @Autowired private IAnimalService animalService; @Test public void test() { animalService.printName(); }}
運行結(jié)果
我們在AnimalConfig中只是將Dog、Cat、Pig的實例注冊到了spring容器,那為什么AnimalServiceImpl實例能夠直接應(yīng)用這些實例了,我們并沒有手動的將這些實例賦值到AnimalServiceImpl實例呀? 這其實就是spring提供的自動裝配功能,雖然我們沒有手動的將這些實例賦值到AnimalServiceImpl實例,但是我們發(fā)現(xiàn)AnimalServiceImpl的屬性實例上多了一些注解:@Autowired、@Resource、@Inject,spring通過這些注解自動完成了屬性實例的注入,而不需要我們手動的去賦值了;那么spring是如何實現(xiàn)自動裝配的呢? 我們慢慢往下看(注意:后文主要以@Autowired為例來講解)
自動裝配源碼解析AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor的實例化與注冊
不管怎么說,AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor終歸還是一個BeanPostProcessor,那么它的實例化與注冊(注冊到spring的beanFactory)過程與BeanPostProcessor的實例化與注冊一樣,在spring的啟動過程中,刷新上下文(refresh)的時候,會調(diào)用registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory)方法完成BeanPostProcessor的實例化與注冊,后續(xù)再調(diào)用finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory)實例化非延遲加載的單例bean時,會用到上述注冊的BeanPostProcessor
AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor的構(gòu)造方法值得我們看看
public AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor() { this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add(Autowired.class); this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add(Value.class); try { this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add((Class<? extends Annotation>) ClassUtils.forName("javax.inject.Inject", AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class.getClassLoader())); logger.info("JSR-330 \'javax.inject.Inject\' annotation found and supported for autowiring"); } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) { // JSR-330 API not available - simply skip. }}
默認情況下,AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor支持@Autowired和@Value,如果類路徑下有java.inject.Inject(也就是引入了javax.inject.jar),那么也支持@Inject注解,是不是與我們最初的認知有些不一樣?
將支持的注解放到了autowiredAnnotationTypes屬性中,后續(xù)會用到該屬性
bean的實例化與依賴注入
默認情況下,spring會把spring容器中的bean當成non-lazy-init singleton來處理(有些特殊的bean除外),也就是說會在spring的啟動過程中就會逐個實例化這些bean,并對這些bean進行依賴注入;當我們真正用到這些bean的時候,直接用就行,不用再去實例化,也不用再去注入bean的相關(guān)依賴,spring是不是很厲害?
具體是不是說的這樣,大家準備好花生、瓜子和啤酒,好戲即將開始
我們先找到正確的入口,然后用下圖省略掉無聊的前戲,直接進入高潮:doCreateBean
doCreateBean內(nèi)容如下
protected Object doCreateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final @Nullable Object[] args) throws BeanCreationException { // Instantiate the bean. BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null; if (mbd.isSingleton()) { instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName); } if (instanceWrapper == null) { // 創(chuàng)建bean實例 instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args); } final Object bean = instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance(); Class<?> beanType = instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass(); if (beanType != NullBean.class) { mbd.resolvedTargetType = beanType; } // Allow post-processors to modify the merged bean definition. // 允許后置處理器來修改bean定義 synchronized (mbd.postProcessingLock) { if (!mbd.postProcessed) { try { // 調(diào)用MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor的postProcessMergedBeanDefinition方法 // AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor實現(xiàn)了MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor,即MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor的MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor會被調(diào)用 applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName); } catch (Throwable ex) { throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Post-processing of merged bean definition failed", ex); } mbd.postProcessed = true; } } // Eagerly cache singletons to be able to resolve circular references 立即緩存單例以便能夠解析循環(huán)引用 // even when triggered by lifecycle interfaces like BeanFactoryAware. boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)); if (earlySingletonExposure) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Eagerly caching bean \'" + beanName + "\' to allow for resolving potential circular references"); } addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean)); } // Initialize the bean instance. Object exposedObject = bean; try { // 填充bean,包含依賴注入 populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper); // 初始化bean,BeanPostProcessor的兩個方法在此中被調(diào)用 exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd); } catch (Throwable ex) { if (ex instanceof BeanCreationException && beanName.equals(((BeanCreationException) ex).getBeanName())) { throw (BeanCreationException) ex; } else { throw new BeanCreationException( mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Initialization of bean failed", ex); } } if (earlySingletonExposure) { Object earlySingletonReference = getSingleton(beanName, false); if (earlySingletonReference != null) { if (exposedObject == bean) { exposedObject = earlySingletonReference; } else if (!this.allowRawInjectionDespiteWrapping && hasDependentBean(beanName)) { String[] dependentBeans = getDependentBeans(beanName); Set<String> actualDependentBeans = new LinkedHashSet<>(dependentBeans.length); for (String dependentBean : dependentBeans) { if (!removeSingletonIfCreatedForTypeCheckOnly(dependentBean)) { actualDependentBeans.add(dependentBean); } } if (!actualDependentBeans.isEmpty()) { throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName, "Bean with name \'" + beanName + "\' has been injected into other beans [" + StringUtils.collectionToCommaDelimitedString(actualDependentBeans) + "] in its raw version as part of a circular reference, but has eventually been " + "wrapped. This means that said other beans do not use the final version of the " + "bean. This is often the result of over-eager type matching - consider using " + "\'getBeanNamesOfType\' with the \'allowEagerInit\' flag turned off, for example."); } } } } // Register bean as disposable. try { registerDisposableBeanIfNecessary(beanName, bean, mbd); } catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) { throw new BeanCreationException( mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Invalid destruction signature", ex); } return exposedObject;}
我們重點看下posProcessMergedBeanDefinition方法和populateBean方法
posProcessMergedBeanDefinition
可以看到會讀取bean的field和method上的注解,并判斷該注解是否在autowiredAnnotationTypes中,如果在則將field封裝成AutowiredFiledElement對象、將method封裝成AutoWiredMethodElement對象,并存放到InjectionMetadata對象的Set<InjectedElement> checkedElements屬性中,最后將該InjectionMetadata對象緩存到了AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor的Map<String, InjectionMetadata> injectionMetadataCache屬性中;說白了就是將bean中被@Autowried(當然還包括@Value、@Inject)修飾的field、method找出來,封裝成InjectionMetadata對象并緩存起來,就這么簡單。不僅僅是上圖中的animalServiceImpl這一個bean,spring中所有的非延遲加載的bean都會走這個創(chuàng)建流程。是不是很簡單,是不是干勁十足了
populateBean
調(diào)用AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor的postProcessPropertyValues方法,從injectionMetadataCache中獲取當前bean的依賴信息,比如animalServiceImpl依賴的dog、pig(有人可能會有這樣的疑問:cat呢? cat是被@Resource修飾的,而@Resource不是由AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor支持,后續(xù)會講由誰支持),然后逐個將依賴bean注入到目標bean(將dog、pig實例注入到animalServiceImpl實例中);依賴bean從哪來呢?還是從beanFactory中獲取,如果不存在,則又回到bean的創(chuàng)建過程把依賴bean(dog、pig)創(chuàng)建出來,流程與創(chuàng)建animalServiceImpl實例一模一樣,也就說在animalServiceImpl實例的依賴注入過程中會把dog、pig對象也創(chuàng)建出來,而不是等到spring逐個實例化bean的過程中輪到dog、pig才實例化dog、pig,那后續(xù)輪到dog、pig時怎么辦了,spring會把創(chuàng)建的bean緩存起來,下次就直接從緩存中取了。上圖只演示Field的,Method也差不太多,就不演示了,都是通過反射實現(xiàn)的 。
總結(jié)1、bean的創(chuàng)建與初始化
(1)instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args) 創(chuàng)建目標bean實例;
(2)applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName) 尋找目標bean的依賴;
(3)populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper) 填充目標bean,完成依賴注入; (這里的循環(huán)依賴,有興趣的可以自行去琢磨下)
(4)initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd) 初始化目標bean
2、自動裝配與自動配置
自動配置一般而言說的是spring的@Autowired,是spring的特性之一,而自動配置是springboot的@Configuration,是springboot的特性之一
3、Spring支持幾下幾種自動裝配的注解
@Autowired、@Inject、@Resource以及@Value,用的最多的應(yīng)該是@Autowired(至少我是這樣的),@Inject和@Value也是由AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor支持,而@Resource是由CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor支持(還支持@PostConstruct、@PreDestroy等注解)
關(guān)于@Value與@Autowired,不知道大家是否清楚他們之間的區(qū)別,不清楚的可以看看:Spring: @Value vs. @Autowired或者spring的官方文檔,總結(jié)下:@Value >= @Autowired,只是平時應(yīng)用中,@Value更多的是用來注入配置值(如:@Value("${db.url}")),而@Autowired則是bean對象的注入
以上就是關(guān)于一機多戶pos機原理,騷話@Autowired的底層工作原理的知識,后面我們會繼續(xù)為大家整理關(guān)于一機多戶pos機原理的知識,希望能夠幫助到大家!
